Răspuns:
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Konbanwa!
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'Formal subject' means the grammatical subject. The meanings of the two sentences are essentially the same: 'There are a dog and a cat over there. ... In the first, it is 'a dog and a cat', and in the second, it is 'a dog'. Hence the first sentence takes a plural verb, and the second a singular on
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and then the " real subject"
the subject of a sentence that expresses the actual agent of an expressed or implied action (as father in “it is your father speaking”) or that is the thing about which something is otherwise predicated (as to do right in “it is sometimes hard to do right”) — called also real subject
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Dōitashimashite, kōun o inorimasu!
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